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Oral mucositis is a painful inflammatory condition affecting the lining of the mouth, commonly seen in patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It develops when cancer treatments damage the rapidly dividing epithelial cells, leading to ulceration, redness, swelling, and difficulty eating or speaking. The severity can range from mild soreness to extensive open sores that significantly impact nutrition and quality of life.

Management focuses on pain relief, infection prevention, and maintaining oral hygiene. Basic care includes frequent rinsing with saltwater or bicarbonate solutions, avoiding spicy foods, and using soft-bristle toothbrushes. Topical anesthetics, protective mouth coatings, and anti-inflammatory gels help reduce discomfort.

Advanced treatments such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), cryotherapy (ice chips), and growth factor–based formulations accelerate tissue healing. Maintaining adequate hydration and nutritional intake is crucial, especially for cancer patients prone to weight loss. Preventive strategies—like regular dental check-ups before treatment—help reduce severity.

Early intervention improves recovery, reduces infection risk, and enhances patient comfort during cancer therapy.